摘要：

【目的】分析探讨我国高校学者被撤销论文相关特征及原因，为国内科技期刊、高校学者及相关政府管理部门提供借鉴和参考。【方法】通过InCites数据库和Retraction Watch数据库，检索获取2008—2023年我国高校学者被撤销论文数据，结合高校办学层次和类型，分析我国高校学者的发文量与被撤销论文量、被撤销论文所属机构、被撤销论文学科属性以及被撤销原因。【结果】我国高校年发文量、年被撤销论文量、年撤销论文量以及年被撤销率在16年间均呈增长趋势。年发文量、年撤销论文量、年被撤销率之间存在较强的正相关关系（r=0.744、0.815、0.847，P<0.01）。年均撤销时滞随着撤销年份的增加呈现波浪式上升趋势。不同办学层次、不同类型高校在被撤销论文量、被撤销率、被撤销论文所属学科上呈现一定的差异。学术不端为主要撤销原因，不同类型高校的二级学术不端原因存在一定差异。【结论】我国高校学术诚信建设亟待加强，不同层次、不同类型高校在被撤销论文主体特征和被撤销原因上既具有共性，又存在一定的差异性。建议加强对高校学术不端行为的防范，严格稿件审查，加大惩戒力度，对不同办学层次、不同类型的高校实施针对性科研管理。

关键词: 国际期刊, 高校学者, 撤销论文, 学术不端, InCites数据库, Retraction Watch数据库

Abstract:

［Purposes］ This study aims to analyze and discuss the characteristics and reasons related to the retracted papers of scholars in universities in China, so as to provide reference for domestic scientific journals, scholars of universities, and relevant governmental management departments. ［Methods］ Through the InCites database and Retraction Watch database, we retrieved and obtained the data of retracted papers of scholars in Chinese universities from 2008 to 2023. By considering the levels and types of universities, we analyzed the number of published and retracted papers of scholars in universities in China, the institutions to which retracted papers belonged, the disciplinary attributes, and the reasons for retraction. ［Findings］ The annual number of published papers, the annual number of retracted papers (counted by publication year and retraction year), and the annual retraction rate in Chinese universities all show an increasing trend during the 16 years. There is a strong positive correlation among the annual number of publications, the annual number of retracted papers (counted by retraction year), and the annual retraction rate (r=0.744, 0.815, 0.847, P<0.01). The average annual retraction time lag shows a wave-like upward trend with the increase of the retracted years. Different levels and types of universities exhibit certain differences in the number of retracted papers, the retraction rate, and the discipline to which the retracted papers belong. Academic misconduct is the main reason for retraction, and there are certain differences in the secondary academic misconduct reasons among different types of universities. ［Conclusions］ The academic integrity construction of universities in China urgently needs to be strengthened. Different levels and types of universities have both commonalities and certain differences in the main characteristics of retracted papers and the reasons for retraction. It is recommended to strengthen the prevention of academic misconduct in universities, strictly review manuscripts, increase penalty intensity, and implement targeted scientific research management for different levels and types of universities.

Key words: International journal, University scholar, Retracted paper, Academic misconduct, InCites database, Retraction Watch database