摘要：
【目的】分析学科、期刊和科研机构层面的撤稿原因及其异质性特征，为学术失范治理提供参考依据。【方法】从Retraction Watch Database和Web of Science核心合集获取撤稿论文数据，结合学术失范理论，对撤稿原因进行细化分类，采用社会网络分析挖掘其关联关系，并从学科、期刊和机构层面比较其异质性特征。【结果】通过对2014—2023年发表的26182篇撤稿论文数据分析发现：撤稿数量呈一定的上升趋势与时滞性，其中工程学、肿瘤学、计算机科学撤稿量较大，开放获取期刊撤稿占比较高；大部分作者仅涉及1~2篇撤稿论文，2~6人规模团队撤稿量较高；错误与可靠性不足是论文撤稿的主要原因，不当行为中，图片重复、作者不当行为和论文工厂是核心问题；不同学科、期刊和机构的撤稿原因存在明显差异。【结论】学术失范治理机制应考虑学科、期刊和机构的异质性，并需要国家、期刊、机构和作者共同参与。
关键词:
撤稿论文,
撤稿原因,
社会网络分析,
异质性,
学术失范治理
Abstract:
［Purposes］ This study aims to analyze the reasons for retraction and their heterogeneous characteristics at the levels of disciplines, scientific journals, and scientific research institutions, providing a reference basis for the governance of academic anomie. ［Methods］ We obtained the data of retracted papers from the Retraction Watch Database and the Web of Science Core Collection. In combination with the academic anomie theory, we refined and classified the reasons for retraction. We employed social network analysis to explore their correlation relationships and compared their heterogeneous characteristics at the levels of disciplines, scientific journals, and institutions. ［Findings］ Through the data analysis of 26182 retracted papers published from 2014 to 2023, it is found that the number of retractions shows a certain upward trend with time lag. Among them, engineering, oncology, and computer science have relatively large numbers of retractions, and open access scientific journals account for a relatively high proportion of retractions. Most authors are only involved in 1-2 retracted papers, and teams with 2-6 people have relatively high numbers of retractions. Errors and low reliability are the main reasons for paper retractions. Among improper behaviors, image duplication, author misconduct, and paper mills are the core issues. There are significant differences in the reasons for retraction among different disciplines, scientific journals, and institutions. ［Conclusions］ The governance mechanism for academic anomie should take into account the heterogeneity of disciplines, scientific journals, and institutions and require the joint participation of the state, scientific journals, institutions, and authors.
Key words:
Retracted paper,
Reason for retraction,
Social network analysis,
Heterogeneity,
Academic anomie governance
胡国汇, 王宗水, 孙倬, 赵红. 基于社会网络分析的撤稿原因分析与学术失范治理[J]. 中国科技期刊研究, 2024, 35(12): 1744-1756.
HU Guohui, WANG Zongshui, SUN Zhuo, ZHAO Hong. Analysis of reasons for retraction based on social network analysis and governance of academic anomie[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2024, 35(12): 1744-1756.