摘要：

【目的】调查分析目前国内医药卫生期刊应对作者学术不端行为制度建设中存在的问题，并提出对策建议。【方法】以北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览（2020年版）》收录的258种医药卫生类期刊为研究对象，对各期刊应对作者学术不端行为的制度建设现状进行调查分析，调查内容包括应对作者学术不端行为的相关制度建立情况以及制度内容涉及的学术不端行为类型、相关惩罚措施等。【结果】256种（99.22%）期刊已制定应对作者学术不端行为的制度，但仅有29种（11.32%）期刊的制度内容较为完善，期刊对数据造假/伪造等学术不端行为的重视程度不足；只有125种（48.83%）期刊已制定针对作者学术不端行为的惩罚措施，且具体惩罚工作机制也有欠缺，存在惩罚措施较为单一、全过程监管机制不够完善、实际落实效果较差等问题。【结论】国内医药卫生期刊学术不端应对制度建设有待进一步完善，制度发布方式需要进一步细化，制度内容有待及时更新、完备性仍需提升。建议国内期刊进一步完善学术不端应对制度，优化学术不端惩罚机制，提升学术不端检出能力。

关键词: 医药卫生期刊, 出版伦理, 学术不端, 制度建设, 惩罚措施

Abstract:

[Purposes] This paper aims to investigate and analyze the current problems in the construction of the system in responding to authors' academic misconduct in domestic medical and health journals, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions. [Methods] Taking the 258 medical and health journals included in Peking University's 2020 Edition of A Guide to the Core Journal of China as the research object, we investigated and analyzed the current situation of the system construction of each journal that counteracts the authors' academic misconduct. The investigation included the establishment of the relevant system to counteract the authors' academic misconduct, the types of academic misconduct, and the relevant punitive measures covered by the content of the system. [Findings] 256 (99.22%) journals have formulated systems to counteract the authors' academic misconduct while only 29 (11.32%) journals have relatively perfect content of the system. The attention to some academic misconduct such as data falsification is lacking. Only 125 (48.83%) journals have formulated punitive measures for the authors' academic misconduct but are defective in specific mechanisms of punitive work, existing problems such as the lack of diverse punitive measures, imperfect supervision of the whole process of punishment, and poor results of the final implementation. [Conclusions] The construction of an academic misconduct response system of domestic medical and health journals needs to be further completed, which requires the system release to be more accurate and detailed, the system content to be updated in time, and the system integrity to be improved. It is suggested that domestic journals further improve the academic misconduct response system, optimize the punishment mechanism for academic misconduct, and enhance the ability to detect academic misconduct.

Key words: Medical and health journal, Publication ethics, Academic misconduct, System construction, Punitive measure