摘要：

【目的】分析中国知网、万方、维普404篇撤销论文存在的问题,针对问题提出建议,以期为学术不端治理提供参考。【方法】 通过三大中文期刊数据库检索到370篇撤稿声明,分析对应的404篇撤销论文期刊分布、学科类型分布、对期刊评价影响、“撤销论文、被撤销论文、发表当年被撤销论文”年度分布、“撤销论文年篇均滞后月数、被撤销论文年篇均滞后月数”、整体撤销论文和医药卫生类撤销论文的撤稿原因、撤销论文被引情况。【结果】 医药卫生类撤销论文占比最高;撤销论文数量对期刊影响因子及被核心期刊数据库收录情况没有非常显著的影响;2020年、2021年撤销论文数量远远大于被撤销论文数量,撤销论文年篇均滞后月数在波动中缓慢增大,被撤销论文年篇均滞后月数逐渐减小;在整体撤销论文和医药卫生类撤销论文中,学术不端撤稿原因占比最高;使用学术不端检测系统后的2012—2021年的被撤销论文、学术不端撤稿原因记录数量比使用前的1997—2011年分别增加206篇、155条;在3个数据库中,中国知网的撤销论文可检篇次、被引篇次、被引频次最多,撤销后论文被引情况时有发生。【结论】 要解决撤销论文问题,需对科研人员开展学术道德培训,编辑部要制定执行严格的规章制度、提升编辑识别防范学术不端论文的能力,数据库要严把论文录入关、规范处理撤销论文,相关部门要完善惩戒机制和评价体系、创建全国通用的稿件追踪平台、设立专门的问题论文审查部门。

关键词: 撤销论文, 被撤销论文, 发表当年被撤销论文, 学科类型, 年篇均滞后月数, 撤稿原因, 被引频次

Abstract:

[Purposes] This paper aims to analyze the problems existing in the 404 retracted papers of CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP and give solutions for the problems, so as to provide references for the governance of academic misconduct. [Methods] We retrieved 370 retraction statements in the three Chinese academic journal databases and analyzed the situations of the corresponding 404 retracted papers from journal distribution, subject type distribution, influence on journal evaluation, annual distribution of retracted papers published in previous years, papers retracted in the following years, and papers published and retracted in the same year, annual lagging months per retracted paper published in previous years, annual lagging months per paper retracted in the following years, retraction reasons in the whole academic field and the medical field, and citations of retracted papers. [Findings] Paper retractions account for the highest proportion in the medical field. The number of paper retractions do not have significant impact on the impact factor or the status in core journal databases of the journal. The papers retracted in 2020 and 2021 and published before are far more than those published in 2020 and 2021 and retracted later. The number of annual lagging months per retracted paper published in previous years increases slowly with fluctuations, and the number of annual lagging months per paper retracted in the following years gradually decreases. Academic misconduct is the major reason for retractions in both the whole academic field and the medical field. The number of papers retracted in the following years and the retractions for academic misconduct in 2012—2021 after application of the academic misconduct detection system increase by 206 and 155, respectively compared with those in 1997—2011. The papers that can be checked, cited number, and cited frequency of retracted papers in CNKI are the highest in the three databases. Citations occur sometimes after retraction. [Conclusions] To solve the problems of paper retraction, we need to carry out academic ethics training for research fellows. The editorial offices need to formulate and implement strict rules and regulations and improve the editors' ability to recognize papers involving academic misconduct. The databases need to strictly record the papers and cope with retractions according to standards. The relevant departments need to improve the punishment mechanism and evaluation system, create the national general tracking platform of manuscripts, and set up a special review department for suspected papers.

Key words: Retracted paper published in previous years, Paper retracted in the following years, Paper published and retracted in the same year, Subject type, Annual lagging months per retracted paper, Retraction reason, Cited frequency