摘要：

【目的】 加强医学期刊编辑对一稿多投疑似学术不端稿件的辨别能力，为提升稿件初审准确性提供参考。【方法】 以2021年1—12月《中山大学学报（医学科学版）》一稿多投退稿稿件为研究对象，追踪其发表情况，分析一稿多投投稿行为、发表期刊刊期和入选数据库情况，以及构建一稿多投疑似学术不端稿件第一作者群体画像。【结果】 2021年全年共发现91篇一稿多投疑似学术不端稿件在退稿后发表，其中55篇发表时作者姓名和单位发生变化。91篇发表论文中77篇（84.6%）发表在各类核心期刊上：27篇（29.7%）发表在《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录期刊上，17篇（18.7%）发表在中国科学引文数据库收录期刊上，68篇（74.7%）发表在中国科技核心期刊上。2021年全年214篇一稿多投疑似学术不端稿件第一作者群体画像具有如下特点：60%为女性，40%为男性；54%为中级职称，34%为副高级职称，也有部分在校学生；绝大多数教育背景为学士和硕士；集中在非省会非直辖市的三级医院；大多数为临床医生，较为集中地分布在内科、外科和影像科。【结论】 建议医学期刊严格落实三审三校，通过建立学术不端检测技术流程、加大对作者的学术诚信教育力度、成立学术诚信联盟共享学术不端数据等防范学术不端。

关键词: 医学期刊, 一稿多投, 学术不端, 发表

Abstract:

[Purposes] This study aims to enhance the ability of medical journal editors to identify suspected academic misconduct in multiple submissions and to provide reference for improving the accuracy of initial review of manuscripts. [Methods] The manuscripts rejected due to multiple submissions by the Journal of Sun Yat-sen University (Medical Sciences) from January 2021 to December 2021 were included in this study. We traced the publishing situations of these manuscripts and analyzed the behavior of multiple submissions, journal issues republishing these manuscripts, inclusion status by databases, and the portrait of first authors suspected of multiple submissions. [Findings] In 2021, a total of 91 manuscripts of suspected multiple submissions are published after being rejected, of which 55 have changes in the authors' names and affiliations at the time of publishing. Out of the 91 manuscripts, 77 (84.6%) are published in core journals. Specifically, 27 (29.7%), 17 (18.7%), and 68 (74.7%) manuscripts are published in journals included in A Guide to the Core Chinese Journals, CSCD, and CSTPCD, respectively. The first authors of 214 manuscripts of suspected multiple submissions include 60% females and 40% males. Among them, 54% has medium-grade professional titles and 34% holds deputy senior professional titles, in addition to undergraduates and postgraduates. The vast majority of the authors have bachelor's or master's degrees. The authors mainly have the affiliations of tertiary hospitals in non-provincial capitals and non-municipalities directly under the central government. Most of them are clinical doctors in departments of internal medicine, surgery, and imaging. [Conclusions] It is recommended that medical journals strictly implement the three-level review and three-time proofreading system and prevent academic misconduct by establishing a technical process for detecting academic misconduct, strengthening academic integrity education for authors, and establishing an academic integrity alliance to share academic misconduct data.

Key words: Medical journal, Multiple submissions, Academic misconduct, Publishing