摘要：
【目的】2024年3月，比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会（以下简称“盖茨基金会”）发布了《2025开放获取政策》。该政策决定自2025年1月1日起，受其资助的项目研究成果必须以预印本的形式及时发布，并且将停止对文章处理费（Article Processing Charges，APC）的支持。分析政策出台的主要动机，解析政策的主要内容，解读政策出台的时代意义，提出对我国推进开放获取（Open Access，OA）工作和科技期刊OA发展的启示和建议。【方法】结合国际科学界在OA方面的新动向，综合分析盖茨基金会OA政策的内容，以及国际学术界对此政策的观点。【结果】盖茨基金会发布的《2025开放获取政策》意味着盖茨基金会充分肯定预印本在学术交流中的价值和作用，否定基于APC的OA模式。越来越多科研团队也认识到基于APC的OA存在着重大问题，国际科学界正在致力于寻找更加合理的、学界参与的OA新路径。【结论】中国作为全球最大的APC支付国，需要认清OA的初衷，努力构建公正合理的OA新模式。我国科技期刊仍须探索新的OA业务模式，保持APC的合理性与透明性，严格把控论文质量，积极融入开放学术交流体系，以促进我国OA事业的健康发展。
关键词:
预印本,
比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会,
开放获取政策,
文章处理费
Abstract:
［Purposes］ In March 2024, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (hereinafter referred to as the Gates Foundation) releases the "2025 Open Access Policy". According to this policy, from January 1, 2025, research results funded by the Gates Foundation must be published as preprints promptly, and support for article processing charges (APC) will be discontinued. This study analyzes the main motivations behind the policy, the key content of the policy, and its significance in the current era, and proposes insights and suggestions for promoting open access (OA) efforts and the development of OA in scientific journals in China. ［Methods］ We combined recent international trends in OA with a comprehensive analysis of the Gates Foundation's OA policy and examined the perspectives of the international academic community on this policy. ［Findings］ The "2025 Open Access Policy" released by the Gates Foundation reflects its endorsement for the value and role of preprints in academic exchange while rejecting the OA model based on APC. An increasing number of research teams have also recognized the significant issues with APC-based OA, and the international scientific community is actively seeking more reasonable and inclusive new pathways for OA. ［Conclusions］ As the world's largest payer of APC, China needs to understand the original intention of OA and work towards establishing a fair and reasonable new OA model. Chinese scientific journals should explore new OA business models, ensure the rationality and transparency of APC fees, maintain high paper quality, and actively integrate into the open academic exchange system to promote the healthy development of China's OA sector.
Key words:
Preprint,
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,
Open access policy,
Article Processing Charge
张智雄, 李婕, 邵田. 以预印本为中心的盖茨基金会2025 OA政策研究及启示[J]. 中国科技期刊研究, 2024, 35(9): 1240-1245.
ZHANG Zhixiong, LI Jie, SHAO Tian. Analysis and implications of Gates Foundation′s 2025 OA policy centered on preprints[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2024, 35(9): 1240-1245.