摘要：

【目的】分析全球学术期刊撤稿时滞的分布特征，为维护科研生态提供应对策略。【方法】以撤稿论文的平均撤稿时滞表征科研生态的适应能力，通过融汇Retraction Watch数据库中的撤稿论文和JCR 2023的期刊数据，从学术期刊的学科、层次、出版商和国家等维度对撤稿时滞和适应性进行计量分析。【结果】从学科方面来看，多学科综合、生物医学领域的期刊撤稿论文较多，且前者的时滞较长、适应性较大，以PLoS ONE、Scientific Reports为代表；从期刊的层次来看，Q1学术期刊的撤稿时滞和适应性远远大于其他3个分区的期刊；从出版商来看，影响较大的出版商，其撤稿时滞普遍较长，如爱思唯尔、自然、美国科学公共图书馆等；从期刊所属的国家来看，美国的撤稿量位列榜首，且撤稿时滞较长、适应性较大。【结论】为营造良好的科研生态，应规范化期刊的撤稿处理机制，完善学科差异性的质量控制体系，提升高层次期刊的撤稿反馈能力，加强出版商间的合作与技术支持，构建国际协同监管机制。

关键词: 学术期刊, 撤稿时滞, 适应性, 应对策略

Abstract:

［Purposes］ This study aims to analyze the distribution characteristics of the retraction delay of global academic journals and then provide corresponding strategies for maintaining the scientific research ecosystem. ［Methods］ We adopted the average retraction delay of retracted papers to represent the adaptability of the scientific research ecosystem. Through integrating the retracted papers in the Retraction Watch database and the journal data of JCR 2023, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the retraction delay and adaptability from the aspects of the discipline, level, publisher, and country of academic journals. ［Findings］ In terms of discipline, there are more retraction papers in multidisciplinary and biomedical journals, and the former has longer retraction delay and bigger adaptability, which is represented by PLoS ONE and Scientific Reports. Regarding the journal level, the academic journals in Q1 possess much bigger retraction delay and adaptability compared to those in the other three quartiles. From the perspective of publishers, publishers with greater influence generally have a longer retraction delay, such as Elsevier, Nature, and the Public Library of Science. In view of the country to which the journal belongs, the United States ranks first in the number of retractions and also has longer retraction delay and bigger adaptability. ［Conclusions］ To build a good scientific research ecosystem, it is essential to standardize the journal retraction processing mechanism, improve the quality control system with disciplinary differences, enhance the retraction feedback ability of high-level journals, strengthen cooperation and technical support among publishers, and construct an international collaborative supervision mechanism.

Key words: Academic journal, Retraction delay, Adaptability, Development suggestion