摘要：

【目的】 分析高影响力国际期刊撤稿论文的特征及撤稿原因，有利于深入认识撤稿现象，为撤稿论文的管理和科研诚信的建设提供参考依据。【方法】 收集Cell、Nature和Science创刊以来的232篇撤稿论文，采用科学计量方法分析撤稿论文的时序变化、撤稿时滞、学科分布、撤稿原因、撤稿主体、撤稿前后被引频次等基本特征。【结果】 近20年来撤稿论文数量波动上升；基础生命科学领域撤稿论文数量最多，绝大多数撤稿论文的通信地址为美国、英国和德国等科技强国；论文在撤稿后仍然获得大量引用；最主要的撤稿原因是伪造数据/图像和结论不可靠，结果不可重复问题较为严重；诚实性错误撤稿论文数量远超科研不端撤稿论文数量。【结论】 正确认识期刊撤稿现象，关注“可重复性危机”给科研不端治理带来的挑战，深入总结诚实性错误撤稿的真实动因，加强对科研不端撤稿论文的独立分析，并进一步探究撤稿论文的引用价值和引用规范。

关键词: 高影响力期刊, 撤稿论文, 科研诚信, 科研不端

Abstract:

[Purposes] This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of retractions of high-impact international journals, so as to enrich the knowledge about retractions and provide a reference for the management of retractions and the improvement of research integrity. [Methods] This article collected 232 retracted papers from Cell, Nature, and Science since their inception and used bibliometric methods to analyze the basic characteristics of the retracted papers, including temporal changes, subject distribution, reasons for retraction, initiators of retraction, and cited frequency before and after retraction. [Findings] The number of retracted papers increased with fluctuations in the last 20 years. The retracted papers were the most in basic life sciences, and the correspondence addresses of the vast majority of retracted papers were the United States, the UK, and Germany. The papers still had high cited frequency after retraction. The major reasons for retractions were falsified data / images and unreliable conclusions, and the latter was severe. The number of papers retracted due to honest errors far exceeded that of papers retracted due to research misconduct. [Conclusions] DWe should correctly understand the phenomenon of retractions and pay attention to the challenges brought by the "reproducibility crisis" to the governance of research misconduct. Furthermore, we should summarize the real reasons of retractions due to honest errors, strengthen the independent analysis of papers retracted due to research misconducts, and explore the citation value and norms of retracted papers.

Key words: High-impact journal, Retracted paper, Research integrity, Research misconduct