摘要：

【目的】 分析国家卫生健康委员会(National Health Commission,NHC)通报的医学学术不端论文情况,探讨医学学术不端论文的有效防范对策。【方法】 以2021年6月3日至12月31日NHC通报的309篇医学学术不端论文为研究对象,对其作者特征(职称、科室、工作单位、署名作者数)、论文特征(发表与撤回时间、被引用情况)、学术不端行为及处理措施等进行统计学分析。【结果】 (1)309篇学术不端论文共有署名作者1378位,被通报作者数为1019位,共计被通报1168人次。除不知情作者(36位)外,有174位署名作者未被工作单位通报处罚。1019位被通报作者中,69.08%的作者工作单位在山东;81.24%的作者拥有中级或副高级职称;医师与护师分别占84.09%与11.49%;骨科领域作者最多(占7.85%)。(2)截至2022年1月31日,309篇学术不端论文的篇均被引频次为13.6次;有撤回声明并注明撤回日期的论文有201篇,撤回后其新增被引频次平均为3.9次/篇。仅30篇(14.93%)论文撤回后未再被引用。(3)论文涉及的学术不端行为主要包括数据造假(162篇,52.43%),第三方代写、代投或买卖论文(138篇,44.66%),编造研究过程(101篇,32.69%),不当署名(74篇,23.95%)与图片造假(31篇,10.32%)。【结论】 NHC通报的医学学术不端论文中,学术不端行为主要包括数据造假,第三方代写、代投或买卖论文,编造研究过程;部分作者存在多次学术不端行为。我国医学学术不端论文防范与医学科研诚信建设任重道远,国家层面、医学科研机构、国内医学期刊等需要携手共筑抵抗医学学术不端行为的围墙,维护学术道德、净化科研环境。

关键词: 学术不端, 科研诚信, 医学论文, 撤稿, 数据造假, 代写代投, 策略

Abstract:

[Purposes] This paper aims to analyze the medical academic misconduct papers reported by National Health Commission (NHC) and explore effective countermeasures. [Methods] A total of 309 medical academic misconduct papers reported by NHC from June 3 to December 31, 2021 were selected as research subjects. The author characteristics (professional title, department, employer, and the number of signed authors), paper characteristics (published and retraction time and cited frequencies), academic misconduct, and punishment measures were statistically analyzed. [Findings] (1) Among 309 papers, there were 1378 signed authors, and 1019 authors were punished by their employers, with a total of 1168 authors punished. In addition to 36 signed authors who were unaware of being signed, 174 signed authors were not punished by their employers. Among the 1019 authors, 69.08% of them worked in Shandong, 81.24% had intermediate and deputy senior titles, 84.09% were physicians, 11.49% were nurses, and 7.85% were from the orthopedics department, accounting for the highest proportion. (2) As of January 31, 2022, the average cited frequency of 309 misconduct papers was 13.6 times. The average cited frequency after retraction of 201 papers with retraction statement and date of retraction was 3.9 times, of which only 30 papers (14.93%) were not cited again after retraction. (3) Academic misconducts mainly included data fraud (162 papers, 52.43%), ghostwriting (138 papers, 44.66%), fabricated research process (101 papers, 32.69%), improper authorship (74 papers, 23.95%), and fake image (31 papers, 10.32%). [Conclusions] Among the medical academic misconduct papers reported by NHC, academic misconducts mainly include data fraud, ghostwriting, and fabricated research process. Some authors have repeatedly committed academic misconduct. There is still a long way to go in the prevention of medical academic misconduct and the construction of medical research integrity in China. The government, medical research institutions, and medical journals in China should work together to resist academic misconduct, maintain academic ethics, and purify the research environment.

Key words: Academic misconduct, Research integrity, Medical paper, Retracted paper, Data fraud, Ghostwriting, Strategy