摘要：

目的 系统探讨研究方案论文作为一种新型科研成果出版形式的发展历程、出版模式与发表现状，旨在为我国推进此类论文的出版实践与标准化建设提供参考。方法 通过文献调研、案例分析和统计研究方法，基于Web of Science数据（2014—2023年）以及国内外出版实践对研究方案论文的出版流程、质量控制机制、开放获取趋势及学科地域分布进行了梳理，重点分析了典型出版平台与学术期刊的协同运作模式。结果 国际研究方案论文出版数量持续增长，开放获取比例不断提高，研究热点主要集中在生物医学、心理学等领域；中国在该领域的年发文量已位居全球前列，但仍面临优质出版载体不足、规范标准缺失等问题；此类出版普遍采用“仓储平台+学术期刊”协同模式，强调方法透明、开放评审以及开放共享。结论 研究方案论文显著增强了科研过程的透明性与结果的可重复性，我国应从平台建设、标准制定、评价机制改革等多方面系统推动其发展，以提高科研质量与影响力。

关键词: 研究方案, 可重复性研究, 开放科学, 学术期刊, 预印本

Abstract:

Purposes This study systematically examines the development history， publishing models， and current status of study protocols as an emerging form of scientific output， with the aim of informing and promoting the publication practices and standardization of such papers in China. Methods Using literature review， case analysis， and statistical methods， this research analyzes the publishing process， quality control mechanisms， open access trends， and disciplinary and geographic distribution of study protocols based on the Web of Science database（from 2014 to 2023） and publishing practices globally. Special emphasis is placed on collaborative models between major publishing platforms and academic journals. Findings The global output of study protocols continues to increase， with a growing proportion being open access. Research in this area is most prominent in fields such as biomedicine and psychology. Although China ranks among the top countries in annual publication volume， it still faces challenges including a lack of high-quality publishing venues and standardized guidelines. The prevailing publishing model combines repository platforms with academic journals， emphasizing methodological transparency， open peer review， and open sharing. Conclusions Study protocols significantly improve research transparency and reproducibility. China should advance their development through coordinated efforts in platform construction， standard setting， and reform of evaluation mechanisms to enhance overall research quality and impact.

Key words: Study protocol, Repeatability study, Open science, Academic journals, Preprint