中国科技期刊研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 480-495. doi: 10.11946/cjstp.202501010001

• 质量建设 • 上一篇    下一篇

1980—2023年全球撤销论文的发展趋势及特征

杨晓1,2)()(), 胡雅敏1,2), 王立学1),*()(), 冯凌子1), 任艳青1), 袁军鹏1,2)   

  1. 1) 中国科学院文献情报中心,北京市海淀区北四环西路 33 号 100190
    2) 中国科学院大学经济与管理学院信息资源管理系,北京市海淀区中关村南一条 3 号 100190
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-01 修回日期:2025-01-31 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 王立学
  • 作者简介:

    杨 晓(ORCID:0000-0003-4252-2491),博士研究生,E-mail: ;

    胡雅敏,博士研究生;

    冯凌子,博士,助理研究员;

    任艳青,博士,副研究馆员,编审;

    袁军鹏:博士,研究员,博导,中国科学院文献情报中心科研诚信研究中心副主任。

    作者贡献声明: 杨 晓:设计论文框架,分析数据,撰写论文; 胡雅敏:分析和清洗数据,撰写论文; 王立学:设计研究方案,获取和清洗数据,撰写论文; 冯凌子:设计研究方案,清洗数据,修订论文; 任艳青:设计研究方案,修订论文; 袁军鹏:提出研究方向,设计研究方案,修订论文。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“撤销论文成因、趋势研判及其对科研生态影响研究”(L2324112)

Development trends and characteristics of global retracted papers from 1980 to 2023

YANG Xiao1,2)()(), HU Yamin1,2), WANG Lixue1)()(), FENG Lingzi1), REN Yanqing1), YUAN Junpeng1,2)   

  1. 1) National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 33 Beisihuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100190,China
    2) Department of Information Resources Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,3 Nanyitiao, Zhonguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190,China
  • Received:2025-01-01 Revised:2025-01-31 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-04-30
  • Contact: WANG Lixue

摘要:

【目的】学术界通过撤销问题论文来进行自我纠错。对全球撤销论文的特征进行分析,以揭示历史、现状和规律,旨在为各类学术共同体提供完善科研诚信管理的有效对策。【方法】从Retraction Watch(RW)收录的全球撤销论文中,抽取1980—2023年撤销的32868篇期刊论文作为基础数据,将撤销原因区分为“涉嫌科研失信”和“未直接表明涉嫌科研失信”2大类、12个小类,分别从撤销的时滞、原因、学科、期刊以及国家/地区等5个方面进行统计,并深入分析各个小类撤销原因的表现差异。【结果】全球撤销论文数量持续增加,涉嫌科研失信原因的撤销论文占比显著上升;近10年的撤销时滞为3年左右,且近5年呈现变短趋势;基础生命科学和健康科学是撤销论文的“重灾区”,商业/技术学科逐步成为多发学科;有国际合作的论文撤销比例较非国际合作的略低,而发展中国家涉嫌科研失信的撤销论文比例高于发达国家;在12类撤销原因中,近3年以作者出版失信、编辑/出版商失信和伪造/篡改论文3类涉嫌科研失信原因为主,在分布上存在着显著差异。【结论】为有效应对日益多变且隐蔽的科研失信行为,应结合撤销原因的特征,针对不同学科、国家和撤销原因情景,制定专门的管理策略,优化监测方案,并建立有效的识别与处置机制,提升学术界应对科研失信的整体能力。

关键词: 科研诚信, 撤销论文, 科研失信行为, 科研不端行为, Retraction Watch, 科研管理

Abstract:

[Purposes] The retraction of academic papers serves as a self-correction mechanism in the scientific community. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of retracted paper, so to reveal the history, current situation, and regular patterns of retraction, thereby providing targeted recommendations to enhance research integrity management for various academic communities. [Methods] Using global retracted paper records in Retraction Watch (RW), 32868 journal papers retracted between 1980 and 2023 were selected. The retracted reasons were divided into two major categories, “misconduct suspected” and “not misconduct”, with a total of 12 subcategories. Statistics were conducted from five aspects, including the time lag, reasons, disciplines, journals, and countries/regions of retraction. And the performance differences of the 12 subcategories of retraction reasons were analyzed in detail. [Findings] The number of retracted papers worldwide has consistently increased, with a notable rise in cases attributed to ‘misconduct suspected’. The average retraction lag in the past decade was approximately three years, with a shortening trend over the last five years. Basic life sciences (BLS) and health sciences (HSC) dominate as the most affected disciplines-‘hardest hit areas’ for retracted papers, while retracted papers, in business/technical (B/T) fields show increasing trends. The number of retracted papers from international collaborations is slightly lower than that from non-international collaborations. While the proportion of suspected misconduct papers is higher in developing countries than in developed ones. Among the 12 retracted reasons, the leading categories in the past three years are the authorial breach of trust, the editor/publisher’s breach of trust, and the forgery/tampering of papers, with significant differences observed in their distribution. [Conclusions] In order to effectively deal with the increasingly research misconducts, tailored management strategies should be formulated in the different disciplines, journals, and countries in combination with the characteristics of the retracted reasons. And we also need to optimize the method of monitoring, identifying and handling risky papers, to help the academic community to deal with dishonesty in scientific research.

Key words: Research integrity, Retracted paper, Research dishonest conduct, Research misconduct, Retraction Watch, Research management