Abstract:

[Purposes] This paper summarizes the characteristics, limitations, and disputes of academic misconduct detection systems in China and abroad and thereby puts forward suggestions for scientific journals in China. [Methods] Through literature research and summary, this paper analyzed status quo of academic misconduct detection systems and the related problems. According to the relevant data and the practices of editors, we proposed suggestions to improve the academic misconduct detection in China. [Findings] Academic misconduct detection system came on the scene early abroad. However, in China, it was not until 2009 that the corresponding detection system was developed and put into use. Owing to the detection system, the academic misconducts in China, such as plagiarism, have been markedly curbed. Nonetheless, such phenomena as the no awareness of the limitations of the detection system, over-reliance on the detection system, and setting of low character copy ratio threshold lead to new academic misconducts, thus hindering the academic research, inheritance, and innovation. [Conclusions] (1) The editorial departments of scientific journals should rationally use the detection system, set a reasonable threshold, and define academic misconduct in a science-based manner, thereby helping standardize academic research and ensuring well-timed release of quality research outcomes. (2) The editorial departments of scientific journals should, together with relevant organizations, formulate unified citation norms, set the threshold depending on discipline characteristics and article type, and combine the detection system with manual check to achieve accurate detection. (3) An academic misconduct check system should be established with standard procedure. The ability of editors as a gatekeeper should be improved. A pluralistic prevention and control system dominated by editors and involving multiple parties should be formed. (4) New techniques should be applied to improve the accuracy of the detection system, provide more services, and meet the diversified needs of different disciplines and new publishing modes. (5) A legal system for preventing and controlling academic misconducts and a lifelong credit system or honor system should be developed. Lifelong and normalized education of research integrity should be carried out. In addition, academic ethics should be included into the talent evaluation system. All the above efforts are expected to create a benign academic atmosphere.

Key words: Academic misconduct detection system, Scientific journal, Academic inheritance, Lifelong education, Legal system for handling academic misconduct

摘要：

【目的】 系统梳理国内外学术不端检测系统特点、局限性及存在争议,提出针对我国科技期刊的启示与建议。【方法】 通过文献调研与归纳总结,剖析学术不端检测系统现状及问题;结合国内外资料调研及编辑工作实践,得出启示与建议。【结果】 国外研发学术不端检测系统的时间较早,2009年国内成功研发学术不端检测系统并将其投入使用后,抄袭与剽窃等学术不端行为被有效遏制;但对学术不端检测系统的局限性认识不足、过度依赖学术不端检测系统、设置的文字复制比阈值太低,引起新的学术不端问题,不利于引导学术研究和学术继承性、创造性发展。【结论】 (1)科技期刊编辑部应理性使用检测系统、设置合理阈值、科学界定学术不端行为,为规范学术研究、保证研究质量和及时准确发布研究成果建立正确导向;(2)科技期刊编辑部应与相关机构联合,建立统一的引用规范,根据不同学科特点和论文类型等采用不同的阈值,实行“人机”结合、精准检测;(3)建立学术不端审核机制,规范审核流程,提升编辑把关能力,形成以编辑为主、多方联合的多元防治体系;(4)应用新技术不断提升检测系统查准率,提供更多服务功能,满足不同学科及新型出版方式的多样化需求;(5)建立学术不端法治体系,建立终身信誉制度或荣誉准则制度,开展科研诚信终身化与常态化教育,相关单位将学术道德纳入人才评价体系,促进学术生态良性发展。

关键词: 学术不端检测系统, 科技期刊, 学术继承性, 终身教育, 学术不端法治体系