摘要：
目的 揭示自我撤稿中的虚假陈述行为，为科技期刊正确识别主动撤稿行为、区分科研不端撤稿与诚实性撤稿等提供参考依据。 方法 以官方通报的1048篇科研不端案例为样本，筛选出59篇作者主动撤稿论文，对比分析官方通报与撤稿声明中撤稿原因的异同。 结果 研究表明，仅17篇撤稿论文明确承认科研不端行为，32篇将不端行为美化为“数据错误”等诚实性错误，10篇采用模糊表述淡化问题。作者通过模糊、替换及隐瞒等手段掩盖科研不端事实，部分撤稿声明甚至通过“道歉”强化虚假陈述合理性。基于道德推脱理论，进一步将虚假陈述行为归纳为轻度（模糊表述）、中度（术语替换）和重度（彻底否认）3种类型。 结论 科研管理部门应加强撤稿声明审核与追责，期刊编辑部需警惕异常撤稿请求，撤稿作者所在单位应监督撤稿行为，研究人员需整合多源信息研判撤稿性质。
关键词:
道德推脱,
自我撤稿,
科研不端,
诚实性错误,
撤稿声明,
撤稿论文
Abstract:
Purposes To reveal the false statement behavior in self-retraction， and to provide a reference basis for scientific and technological journals to correctly identify active retraction behavior， distinguish between scientific misconduct retraction and honest retraction， etc. Methods Taking 1048 cases of scientific research misconduct reported by Chinese government departments as samples， 59 papers voluntarily retracted by authors were selected. The similarities and differences in the reasons for retraction in official reports and retraction statements were compared and analyzed. Findings The research found that only 17 retracted papers explicitly admitted research misconduct， 32 glorified the misconduct as honesty errors such as “data errors”， and 10 used vague expressions to downplay the problems. The authors cover up the facts of scientific research misconduct through means such as ambiguity， substitution and concealment. Some retraction statements even reinforce the rationality of false statements through “apologies”. Based on the theory of moral evasion， false statement behaviors are further classified into three types： mild （vague expression）， moderate （term substitution）， and severe （complete denial）. Conclusions The scientific research management department should strengthen the review and accountability of retraction statements. The editorial departments of journals need to be vigilant against abnormal retraction requests. The author’s institution should supervise the retraction behavior. Researchers need to integrate multi-source information to determine the nature of the retraction.
Key words:
Moral disengagement,
Self-retraction,
Research misconduct,
Honest errors,
Retraction statement,
Retracted articles
袁子晗, 崔理华, 靳彤. 道德推脱理论视角下自我撤稿中的虚假陈述分析[J]. 中国科技期刊研究, 2025, 36(10): 1409-1417.
YUAN Zihan, CUI Lihua, JIN Tong. Analysis of false statements in self-retraction from the perspective of moral disengagement theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 2025, 36(10): 1409-1417.