Abstract:

Purposes This paper aims to systematically review research progress on the concept， forms， and identification methods of citation manipulation in scientific publications. It critically summarizes the advantages and limitations of existing methods， identifies future research directions， and provides a theoretical basis for developing citation manipulation identification and prevention mechanisms suited to China's academic evaluation system. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted. Relevant literature was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and the Web of Science Core Collection databases. After screening， 57 highly relevant publications were included for analysis， focusing on dimensions such as conceptual definitions， manipulation forms， and identification methods. Findings Citation manipulation behaviors can be categorized into author-led （e.g.， excessive self-citation， reciprocal citation） and journal-led （e.g.， journal self-citation manipulation， citation cartels）. Identification methods are primarily classified into four categories： methods based on bibliometric indicators， citation network analysis， citation content analysis， and multi-dimensional fusion approaches. Each method type possesses distinct advantages and limitations regarding identification efficiency and applicable scenarios. Conclusions Current research on identifying citation manipulation faces challenges such as a lack of a unified conceptual framework and insufficient adaptability to emerging manipulation tactics. Future efforts should strengthen foundational theory， promote multi-dimensional feature fusion and interdisciplinary methodological innovation， develop dynamic detection technologies， and conduct localized research tailored to the Chinese academic ecosystem. Addressing citation manipulation requires collaboration among journals， authors， and research evaluation institutions to foster a research environment based on integrity and guided by diversified evaluation metrics.

Key words: Citation manipulation, Detection methods, Impact factor manipulation, Citation cartels, Academic misconduct

摘要：

目的 系统梳理引用操纵行为的相关概念、操纵形式以及识别方法的研究进展，总结现有方法的优势与局限，明确未来研究方向，为构建适应我国学术评价体系的引用操纵识别与防范机制提供理论依据。 方法 采用系统文献综述的方法，检索中国知网（CNKI）和Web of Science核心合集数据库的相关文献，筛选出57篇高度相关文献，从概念界定、操纵形式及识别方法等维度进行内容梳理分析。 结果 引用操纵行为可分为作者主导型（如过度自引、互惠引用）和期刊主导型（如自引操纵、互引联盟）2类；引用操纵行为的识别方法主要分为基于文献计量指标的方法、基于引用网络的方法、基于引用内容的方法以及基于多维融合的方法。各类方法在识别效率、适用场景等方面各具优势与局限。 结论 当前引用操纵识别研究仍面临概念体系不统一、对新型操纵适应性不足等挑战。未来应加强基础理论建设，推动多维度特征融合与跨学科方法创新，发展动态识别技术，并开展面向中文学术生态的本土化研究。治理引用操纵需期刊、作者、评价机构等多方协同，构建以诚信为本、多元评价为导向的科研生态。

关键词: 引用操纵, 识别方法, 影响因子操纵, 引用联盟, 学术不端