Abstract:

[Purposes] To explore the reform efforts in the scholarly communication system in the early 20th century and provide historical insights for the ongoing transformation in scientific publishing today. [Methods] Based on historical materials, this study reviews influential models of new scholarly communication systems, such as Watson Davis’s SII proposal and John Bernal’s reform plan, and discusses various reform schemes and their evaluations. It also explores how these ideas influenced the development of future scientific information exchange systems. [Findings] In the first half of the 20th century, reform proposals for the scholarly communication system were not implemented at the time due to factors like technological limitations. However, the advent of electronic publishing has enabled many of these ideas to be realized. [Conclusions] A well-organized, efficient, and accessible information exchange system has always been a goal for scientists. The construction of a new system must consider its impact on the old one, a process inevitably accompanied by challenges and obstacles. Current scientific journals should be based on the practical needs of researchers, strengthen the unique advantages of journal models, and actively seek collaboration with new technologies.

Key words: Scholarly communication, Scientific dissemination, Journal, Reform

摘要：

【目的】 探究20世纪上半叶科学界对于学术交流系统的改革探索,为当下的科学出版变革提供历史视角的启示。【方法】 基于历史材料,以戴维斯的SII设想和贝尔纳的改革方案等影响广泛的学术交流系统新模式为例,回顾各类改革方案及其评价,并探讨这些方案对后续科学信息交流体系的影响。【结果】 20世纪上半叶,针对学术交流系统的改革方案,由于技术不足等因素未在当时被落实,但电子出版时代的到来使许多设想得以实现。【结论】 有序、高效且获得性强的信息交流系统一直是科学家期望实现的;新系统的建设需要考虑到对旧系统的影响,这个过程必然伴随着问题与阻碍的出现。当前的科技期刊需要以满足科研人员的实际需求为基础,强化期刊模式的独特优势并积极寻求与新技术的合作。

关键词: 学术交流, 科学传播, 期刊, 改革