摘要：

目的 系统展示国际出版商所发表中国作者学术论文的出版模式结构特征及数据存储状态，为中国自主OA策略选择提供实证依据。 方法 采用政策分析与实证研究相结合的方法，选取2018年9月至2024年S计划实施的政策窗口期，基于Web of Science（WoS）核心合集（2018—2024年）检索数据，重点考察国际OA政策对3大国际出版商（Springer Nature、Elsevier、Wiley）的出版模式的结构性及地域分布影响。 结果 揭示了国际出版格局中我国面临的双重挑战：一方面受制于国际出版商的出版模式的结构体系，另一方面受限于国际出版商对出版、科研数据存储的管控。 结论 需基于国际出版商所发表中国作者学术论文的出版模式、存储机制及成本分担等特征，制定中国自主OA策略；该策略重点是构建具有中国特色的“自主钻石OA平台+绿色OA集群化平台”体系。对外，须向国际出版商明确提出2项主张：所有国际合作出版期刊论文的DOI应链接至国内OA出版平台；我国自主绿色OA集群化平台仅接收记录版本（version of record， VoR）存储。对内，则须推进制度保障体系落地：制定OA期刊与平台的严格合规标准；完善自主绿色OA集群化平台的数据存储政策；建立出版政策、数据存储政策与基金资助政策的程序性联动机制；健全著作权相关法规政策（包括二次出版权、权利保留策略等）。

关键词: 开放获取, 出版模式, 数据存储, 公共获取, 国际合作

Abstract:

Purposes This study systematically presents the structural characteristics and data storage status of academic papers by Chinese authors published by international publishers， and provides empirical evidence for China’s independent OA strategy selection. Methods Combining policy analysis and empirical research， this study selects the policy window period of plan S implementation from September 2018 to 2024. Based on data analysis of the Web of Science （WoS） core collection from 2018 to 2024， it focuses on the structural and geographical distribution impacts of international OA policies on the publishing models of three major international publishers （Springer Nature， Elsevier， Wiley）. Findings The study reveals the dual challenges faced by China in the international publishing landscape： on the one hand， being constrained by the structural system of international publishers’ publishing models， and on the other hand， limited by international publishers’ control over publishing and research data storage. Conclusions China’s independent OA strategy should be formulated based on the characteristics of publishing models， storage mechanisms， and cost-sharing of academic papers by Chinese authors published by international publishers. The strategy focuses on building an “independent diamond OA platform + green OA clustered platform” system with Chinese characteristics. Externally， two propositions should be clearly put forward to international publishers： the DOI of all internationally co-published journal papers should link to domestic OA publishing platforms； China's independent Green OA clustered platforms only accept version of record （VoR） storage. Internally， it is necessary to promote the implementation of an institutional guarantee system： formulate strict compliance standards for OA journals and platforms； improve data storage policies for independent green OA clustered platforms； establish a procedural linkage mechanism among publishing policies， data storage policies， and fund funding policies； and improve copyright-related laws and policies （including secondary publishing rights， rights retention strategies， etc.）.

Key words: Open access, Publishing model, Data storage, Public access, International cooperation