摘要：

【目的】 引用失范行为在学术期刊中呈类型复杂、边界模糊的特点,现有规范难以覆盖全部实际情形,对引用灰色行为的关注和重视程度明显不足。【方法】结合引用失范相关的撤稿数据、政策规范和学术文献,从政策规定、表现形式等维度对引用失范行为进行分析。【结果】归纳学术论文引用中需严格防范的引用失范行为和偏离学术规范需审慎对待的引用行为,提出了引用行为的“黑名单”和“灰名单”。【结论】通过构建“黑名单”和“灰名单”,为学术界提供了识别和防范引用失范行为的理论依据,引导作者重视引用规范,充分认识灰色地带引用行为的诚信风险,同时为期刊制定更细化、可操作的引用规范提供参考。

关键词: 引用失范, 出版规范, 引用规范, 欺诈引用, 灰色地带, 黑名单

Abstract:

[Purposes] Irregular citation behaviors in academic journals exhibit complex forms and ambiguous boundaries. Existing guidelines often fail to encompass the full range of practical scenarios, with insufficient attention paid to questionable citation practices. [Methods] Drawing on retraction data, policy documents, and academic literature related to citation misconduct, this study analyzes citation irregularities from multiple dimensions, including behavioral forms and identification criteria. [Findings] It categorizes citation misconduct that must be strictly prohibited, as well as citation practices that deviate from academic norms and should be treated with caution. Based on these, the study proposes a backlist and graylist of citation behaviors. [Conclusions] By constructing the blacklist-graylist framework, this study provides a theoretical basis for identifying and preventing citation misconduct in the academic community. It aims to raise awareness among authors about citation norms and the integrity risks of gray-area citation practices, while also offering guidance for journals to establish more refined and actionable citation standards.

Key words: Citation misconduct, Publishing norms, Citation manipulation, Citation fraud, Gray area, Blacklist