摘要： 【目的】探讨开放获取对学术交流生态系统的影响及作用，展望变革中学术出版的发展方向。【方法】 引入生态学的理论方法，分析在开放获取产生发展过程中，传统学术交流系统受到的影响及变革。【结果】 学术交流生态系统中的四个学术社区受到自身驱动及外在环境的影响，催生了开放获取。开放获取打破了原有学术交流生态系统的平衡，给作者和用户、出版者和图书馆带来了前所未有的冲击。【结论】 学术交流生态系统各学术社区在变革中不断适应变化，适应角色转变和新环境带来的冲击，使学术交流生态系统逐渐趋于平衡。

Abstract: ［Purposes］ This paper aims to study the impact and effect of open access on the scholarly communication ecosystem. ［Methods］ The theory and method of ecology were introduced to carry out the analysis of the impact and changes on traditional scholarly communication ecosystem under the development and process of open access. ［Findings］ By its own drive and the influence of the external environment, four communities in the scholarly communication ecosystem gave birth to open access. Open access has been breaking the balance of the scholarly communication ecosystem, and the authors, users, publishers and libraries have faced unprecedented challenges. ［Conclusions］ Biological communities of the scholarly communication ecosystem change along with the new environment, and the ecosystem is becoming more balanced in transformation.