摘要：

【目的】 引入透明性同行评议这一新兴概念,对其边界进行界定,并建构相应的发展框架,提出实践对策。【方法】 使用案例分析和文献搜集的方法,总结透明性同行评议的特点、现状以及存在的问题,并在此基础上提出透明性同行评议的构建框架。【结果】 透明性同行评议解决了开放式同行评议中存在的基本问题,即作者发表论文的需求和评议专家保护隐私的需要,因此,透明性同行评议是理想与现实的结合,更具实践优势。【结论】 透明性同行评议涉及作者、评议专家、编辑、读者,以及科研机构评价体系等主体。在透明性同行评议的探索过程中,应该继续坚持多元合作的原则,将同行评议的改良工作扩展到更多的主体当中。

关键词: 同行评议, 开放同行评议, 透明性同行评议, 开放科学, 科学评价

Abstract:

[Purposes] The aim of this paper is to introduce transparent peer review, elucidate its connotation, develop a corresponding theoretical framework, and put forward suggestions for its implementation. [Methods] With the methods of case study and literature research, we summarized the characteristics, status quo, and problems of transparent peer review, and thereby developed a theoretical framework for it. [Findings] Transparent peer review solved the basic problem in open peer review: the conflict between the need of publishing papers from authors and privacy protection requirement of reviewers. Therefore, with solid theoretical framework and consideration of practical needs, transparent peer review was more advantageous in practice. [Conclusions] Transparent peer review involves authors, reviewers, editors, readers, evaluation systems of research institutions, etc. It should uphold the principle of manifold cooperation, so that more subjects can participate in the improvement of peer review.

Key words: Peer review, Open peer review, Transparent peer review, Open science, Scientific evaluation